Ddb Function

Purpose

Return value

Syntax

=DDB(cost,salvage,life,period,[factor])

• cost - Initial cost of asset.
• salvage - Asset value at the end of the depreciation.
• life - Periods over which asset is depreciated.
• period - Period to calculation depreciation for.
• factor - [optional] Rate at which the balance declines. If omitted, defaults to 2.

Using the DDB function

The DDB function calculates the depreciation of an asset in a given period using the double-declining balance method. The double-declining balance method computes depreciation at an accelerated rate – depreciation is highest in the first period and decreases in each successive period. To calculate depreciation, the DDB function uses the following formula:

=MIN((cost-pd)*(factor/life),(cost-salvage-pd))

where pd = total depreciation in all prior periods.

The factor argument is optional and defaults to 2, which specifies the double-declining balance method. You can change factor to another value to influence the rate of depreciation. This is why DDB is sometimes defined as “double-declining method” or “other method”. In the example shown, the formula in D7 copied down, is:

=DDB(cost,salvage,life,B7)

Purpose

Return value

Syntax

=DISC(settlement,maturity,pr,redemption,[basis])

• settlement - Settlement date of the security.
• maturity - Maturity date of the security.
• pr - Security price per $100 face value.
• redemption - Security redemption value per $100 face value.
• basis - [optional] Day count basis (see below, default =0).

Using the DISC function

The Excel DISC function returns the discount rate for a security. A discounted security does not pay periodic interest, but has a specified redemption value at maturity. The return on a discounted security is the difference between the price and redemption value.

Discount rate is based on the concept of the time value of money. The discount rate is the interest used to convert between future value and present value. A future value can be “discounted” by a given interest rate to determine the present value.

Example

In the example shown, we want to find the discount rate for a bond with a price of $89.50 and a redemption value of $100. The settlement date is 6-Jul-2017 and the maturity date is 15-Jan-2020. The day count basis is US (NASD) 30/360. The formula in F5 is:

=DISC(C7,C8,C5,C9,C10)

With these inputs, the DISC function returns 4.16%, with percentage number format applied.

Entering dates

In Excel, dates are serial numbers . Generally, the best way to enter valid dates is to use cell references, as shown in the example. To enter valid dates directly inside a function, you can use the DATE function . To illustrate, the formula below has all values hardcoded, and the DATE function is used to supply each of the two required dates:

=DISC(DATE(2017,7,6),DATE(2020,1,15),89.5,100,0)

Basis

The basis argument controls how days are counted. The DISC function allows 5 options (0-4) and defaults to zero, which specifies US 30/360 basis . This article on wikipedia provides a detailed explanation of available conventions.

Notes

• In Excel, dates are serial numbers .
• All dates, and basis , are truncated to integers.
• If dates are invalid (i.e. not actually dates) DISC returns #VALUE!
• DISC returns #NUM when: settlement >= maturity pr <= 0 or redemption <= 0 Basis is out-of-range